Definition and Examples of Logos in Rhetoric

In classical rhetoric, logos is the means of persuasion by demonstration of logical proof, real or apparent. Plural: logoi. Also called  rhetorical  argument, logical proof, and  rational appeal. Logos is one of the three kinds of artistic proof in Aristotles rhetorical theory. Logos has many meanings, notes George A. Kennedy. [I]t is anything that is said, but that can be a word, a sentence, part of a speech or of a written work, or a whole speech. It connotes the content rather than the style (which would be lexis) and often implies logical reasoning. Thus it can also mean argument and reason . . .. Unlike rhetoric, with its sometimes negative connotations, logos  [in the classical era] was consistently regarded as a positive factor in human life (A New History of Classical Rhetoric, 1994).   Etymology From the Greek, speech, word, reason Examples and Observations Aristotles third element of proof [after ethos and pathos] was logos or logical proof. . . . Like Plato, his teacher, Aristotle would have preferred that speakers use correct reasoning, but Aristotles approach to life was more pragmatic than Platos, and he wisely observed that skilled speakers could persuade by appealing to proofs that seemed true.Logos and the SophistsVirtually every person considered a Sophist by posterity was concerned with instruction in logos. According to most accounts, the teaching of the skills of public argument was the key to the Sophists financial success, and a good part of their condemnation by Plato...Logos in Platos PhaedrusRetrieving a more sympathetic Plato includes retrieving two essential Platonic notions. One is the very broad notion of logos that is at work in Plato and the sophists, according to which logos means speech, statement, reason, language, explanation, argument, and even the intelligibility of the world itself. Another is the notion, f ound in Platos Phaedrus, that logos has its own special power, psychagogia, leading the soul, and that rhetoric is an attempt to be an art or discipline of this power.Logos in Aristotles Rhetoric-  Aristotles great innovation in the Rhetoric is the discovery that argument is the center of the art of persuasion. If there are three sources of proof, logos, ethos, and pathos, then logos is found in two radically different guises in the Rhetoric. In I.4-14, logos is found in enthymemes, the body of proof; form and function are inseparable; In II.18-26 reasoning has force of its own. I.4-14 is hard for modern readers because it treats persuasion as logical, rather than emotional or ethical, but it is not in any easily recognizable sense formal.Logos vs. MythosThe logos of sixth- and fifth-century [BC] thinkers is best understood as a rationalistic rival to traditional mythos--the religious worldview preserved in epic poetry. . . . The poetry of the time performed the functions now assi gned to a variety of educational practices: religious instruction, moral training, history texts, and reference manuals (Havelock 1983, 80). . . . Because the vast majority of the population did not read regularly, poetry was preserved communication that served as Greek cultures preserved memory.Proof QuestionsLogical proofs  (SICDADS) are convincing because they are real and drawn from experience. Answer all of the proof questions that apply to your issue.Signs: What signs show that this might be true?Induction: What  examples  can I use? What conclusion can I draw from the examples? Can my readers make the inductive leap from the examples to an acceptance of the conclusion?Cause: What is the main cause of the controversy? What are the effects?Deduction: What conclusions will I draw? What general principles, warrants, and examples are they based on?Analogies: What  comparisons  can I make? Can I show that what happened in the past might happen again or that what happened in one case might happen in another?Definition: What do I need to define?Statistics: What statistics can I use? How should I present them   Pronunciation LO-gos Sources Halford Ryan,  Classical Communication for the Contemporary Communicator. Mayfield, 1992Edward Schiappa,  Protagoras, and Logos: A Study in Greek Philosophy and Rhetoric, 2nd ed. University of South Carolina Press, 2003James Crosswhite,  Deep Rhetoric: Philosophy, Reason, Violence, Justice, Wisdom. The University of Chicago Press, 2013Eugene Garver,  Aristotles Rhetoric: An Art of Character. The University of Chicago Press, 1994Edward Schiappa,  The Beginnings of Rhetorical Theory in Classical Greece. Yale University Press, 1999N. Wood,  Perspectives on Argument. Pearson, 2004

Canterbury Tales Satire Analysis - 866 Words

Chaucer (A Discussion of Geoffrey Chaucer’s use of Satire in Canterbury Tales Directed Towards Church Hypocrisy, Class Nobility, and the Patriarchy) All well known, articulate speakers and writers throughout history use critical speaking techniques to rally support from those around them. One such tool is the use of satire in public speaking or writing. Satire is the combination of a poignant message along with sarcasm. Arguably the founder of Middle English, Geoffrey Chaucer was a mastermind in the use of satire within his writing. â€Å"His genius is like that of Shakespeare, having a high degree of negative capability. Hence, Chaucer gives us no impression of being a great satirist, although in his writings...we have sharp little sallies of†¦show more content†¦He cannot see that he is exposing his criminality to his listeners,† (Andrews). The ultimate joke is that the pardoner is too drunk to understand that he is revealing his â€Å"game† to everyone around him. Through his writing of The Wife of Bath’s Prologue, Chaucer breaks down the patriarchy by explaining that women truly can have all the power and freedom they desire with manipulation. In her prologue, the wife explains that women are far smarter and more cunning than men. She explains her various tactics in which she uses her sexual power as well as deceitful tricks to place herself in complete control over her husbands. â€Å"So there’s one thing at least that I can boast, that in the end I always ruled the roast; cunning or force was sure to make them stumble, and always keeping up a steady grumble,† (126). Throughout all her marriages, the wife always tricks the husband into giving her total freedom to do as she pleases. As this would be a radical lifestyle of the time, it was a clear strike against patriarchy in Medieval times. â€Å"Ironically, she reveals herself to be the garrulous, indiscreet, deceitful woman, the ‘jangleresse and gossip tha t has been under attack by male authorities. She is as free with her speech as she is with her sexual activity,† (Miles). Her extensive prologue sets up the reader to yet another radical dig at social class systems within herShow MoreRelatedUse Of Satire In Canterbury Tales1301 Words   |  6 PagesChaucer’s Satyric Attack (An analysis of Chaucer’s use of satire to reach his intended audience in his Canterbury Tales) Satire is defined as â€Å"the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues† (Oxford). Another term that people would be more familiar with to describe this would be sarcasm. 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The first ment ion of the main character does notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Canterbury Tales : Chaucer s Second Nun s Tale 2418 Words   |  10 Pages AN ANALYSIS OF THE CANTERBURY TALES: Chaucer’s â€Å"Second Nun’s Tale†. Leah Holle REL. 700a: Transitional Moments in Western Christianity 1 November 5th, 2014 Geoffrey Chaucer was a prominent figure within English Literature during the Middle Ages, and is regarded as one of the greatest English poets. Among Chaucer’s works, The Canterbury Tales is arguably one of his most famous pieces. In this fictional work, there is a collection of over 20 stories that areRead MoreEssay on â€Å"The Nun’s Priest’s Tale†: An Analysis2247 Words   |  9 Pagesof the Nun’s Priest. Only in the prologue to his tale do we finally get a glimpse of who he might be, albeit rather obtusely. As Harry Bailey rather disparagingly remarks: â€Å"Telle us swich thyng as may oure hertes glade./Be blithe, though thou ryde upon a jade† (p.235, ll2811-2812). I say this cautiously because much criticism has surrounded the supposed character of the Nun’s Priest, his role in the tale, and his relationship to the Canterbury Tales as a whole. One example, in my opinion, of an unsatisfactoryRead MoreAn Analysis Of Chaucer s Th e Canterbury Tales 2650 Words   |  11 PagesAn Analysis of Chaucer’s Miller in The Canterbury Tales In the prologue to The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer introduces the Miller as a crude, rude, loud character who cheats his customers. The tale, which the Miller later narrates, is appropriate because the Miller’s tale clearly reflects this individual’s unrefined personality by telling a typical, filthy tavern story. The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, is a story that details thirty pilgrims, including Chaucer, traveling on

A Summary of Opinions and Social Pressure Essay Example For Students

A Summary of Opinions and Social Pressure Essay Solomon Asch and his study on a group and individual pressure. â€Å"Life is not valued for its length, but for its content,† wrote the wise Seneca. The same measure, probably, should be assessed the scientific heritage, the value of which is sometimes disproportionately higher than its volume. During his nearly half a century of the scientific career, Solomon AsÃ' h has written just one book with the simple title â€Å"Social Psychology† (1952) and three dozen articles. However, a rare psychologist has managed to make such a major contribution to our understanding of human nature. Lets get acquainted with his analysis due to the summary of â€Å"Opinions and social pressure.† The problem of influencing the social pressure on the behavior of people is extremely relevant and always of interest to psychologists. The systematic study of the phenomenon of conformance (the influences of the majority on the individual) was carried out by Solomon Asch in 1951. He highlights a lot of information about the problem of the groups influence on the behavior of the individual. A summary of â€Å"Opinions and Social Pressure.† The experimental situation, modeled in the Solomon Asch experiment, was extremely important for the real situation of people communication. The essence of the experiment is the next: people are discussing certain issues when everyone has already spoken, they ask to talk about someone else. Solomon Asch discovered that a person in such a situation has either to suffer from group pressure or to inform his or her point of view. Solomon Asch had to discover the fact of how much the desire for adaptation changes the behavior of people. The scientist limited his experiment to the field of perception. He studied the phenomenon of dependence on a group in controlled laboratory conditions on an example of simple problems of visual comparison. As a result, Solomon Asch conducted a well-planned series of experiments according to the standard options. The experiment was organized and carried out thoroughly. He demonstrated the strength of the social-psychological law and showed how strong the influence of social pressure as well as group pressure is. In this simple experiment, people were able to discover the mistakes of other people and their rightfulness but nevertheless sought to adjust to the view of the majority. Solomon Asch in his â€Å"Opinions and social pressure† also conducted a study in which one person from seven forerunners gave the correct answer. Under these conditions, only 5% of the researchers agreed with the opinion of the majority. Consequently, social support reduces compliance. When there is at least one person who is on our side, we can stay true to our position, resist group pressure and avoid conformance of the majority. The scientist has discovered that the more attractive is a group to an individual, the closer the relationship of an individual with a group or the partner. In this situation, the partner is more willing to adjust his behavior and share the groups position. The partner number one will be the person whom the group likes the most and who shares its values. With an increase of the group, the tendency to conformance is increasing. The tendency toward conformance is strongly influenced by a group of 6-7 members, and for a further increase in the level of the dissenter, the level is evenly reduced. In the larger group, the partner gradually begins to doubt the sincerity of the group members and think about the conspiracy of the participants in order to exert pressure. By realizing such features, people begin to counteract the pressure. The importance of â€Å"Opinions and Social Pressure† experiment. .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe , .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe .postImageUrl , .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe , .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe:hover , .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe:visited , .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe:active { border:0!important; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe:active , .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9adff952030079c4c51f69c0566090fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Development: Amazing Power Of Baby Love And EssayThe research of Solomon Asch on social pressure and on group pressure make a great impression because it demonstrates the socio-psychological mechanism of the partner dependence, even in those conditions where a dissenter clearly recognizes his or her rightfulness and the mistakes of other people. Collisions of communication become dramatic in difficult situations where the partner does not have a certain position, the issues that are being considered are rather complex, and the pressure of the interested group is quite powerful. Aschs work has become an impetus for the study of the mechanism of social pressure as well as group pressure, which continues to this day. Criticism of the experiment reduced to the fact that it is possible to organize an experimental situation with a status to real situations. The remark is that the participants are easily disappeared to unanimity with the partner because the experimental situation is too simple and not very important. However, the behavior of people is likely to change when it comes to important values for them or when they are open to discover the unknown information. The experiments of Solomon Asch were not only approved of the majority of professional psychologists, which happens rarely but helped people to discover the truth of influence.

The 1000 Years of Revelation free essay sample

To develop the understanding of the topics under discussion in this paper, the main passage under consideration reads as follows in the New King James Version (NKJV): Then I saw an angel coming down from heaven, having the key to the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. 2 He laid hold of the dragon, that serpent of old, who is the Devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years; 3 and he cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal on him, so that he should deceive the nations no more till the thousand years were finished. But after these things he must be released for a little while. 4 And I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was committed to them. Then I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for their witness to Jesus and for the word of God, who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received his mark on their foreheads or on their hands. We will write a custom essay sample on The 1000 Years of Revelation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And they lived and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. 5 But the rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. 6 Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him a thousand years. Through history, scholars have not been able to agree on one interpretation of the millennium, the outcome intended of this paper is to provide the reader with adequate understanding of the interpretive issues of this passage. Through a review of the main elements of this difficult passage and the three main interpretive views that are supported today, the reader will be guided to reach his or her own conclusion on many of the issues that are in question. What is the Millennium? The word millennium comes from two Latin words, Mille, meaning â€Å"thousand,† and annum, meaning â€Å"year. † Simply put, â€Å"one thousand years,† but unfortunately that is where the simplicity ends. Now that we have a basis of a thousand years the question then becomes when does this thousand years fall into our past history, or is it to be some future event? This paper will consider the three major views which are post-millennialism, amillennialism, and premillennialism. All three of these views in this paper are not only based upon the timing of the return of Jesus Christ to the earth but they also incorporate much more than just the arrangement of the events that surround His coming back. Post-Millennialism One interpretive view is that of the post-millennialism. With the prefix of â€Å"Post,† this view is supportive of Jesus Christ returning to earth after the 1000 years. One major problem with the postmillennialist view is that the thousand years is not taken literally. In that the â€Å"thousand years† is used figuratively as a nondescript amount of time. Postmillennialists interpret the key text in Revelation 20 as that the Kingdom of Christ originally began in the first century with the preaching of the Gospel. Through the subsequent preaching and power of the Gospel the postmillennialist believes that the world has become and is becoming a better place. This view is often seen as the â€Å"optimistic† view of the millennium. In retrospect when looking at Christian history, this view must have gained credence with the advent of Christianity becoming the predominant religion of the Roman Empire under the Emperor Constantine. Many attribute the postmillennialist view with that of Augustine in the fourth century. The problem with this view is that Augustine supported the amillennialism view, which will be discussed later in this paper. In the postmillennialist view, over time the power of the Gospel will cause a great revival in the world that would extend to all facets of society, i. e. politics, education, etc. and that they would all come under the influence of Christian principles. The post-millennialists base these beliefs on certain key Scriptures like Mark 1:15 to support their theology. In the review of this passage, we see that Jesus says, â€Å"The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel. †(NKJV) The word â€Å"time† that Jesus used holds the very meaning of this message. The Greek word that Jesus used is kairos meaning right time or opportune time. With that meaning Jesus was simply telling the audience that with the advent of His coming there was now an opportunity before them to become part of the kingdom of God and that they should not pass this opportunity up. If Jesus was trying to inform the audience that the time of the kingdom of God was beginning at that very moment, as the postmillennialists believe, then he would have used the Greek word, chronos, meaning chronological time. One major problem with the postmillennialist view is that since the coming of Jesus Christ, as a whole, the world has not become a better place, and except for rare occasions, such as the Reformations, society has not fallen under the influence of Christian theology. In consideration of the postmillennialist view some verses that should be review are 2 Timothy 3:13, â€Å"But evil men and impostors will grow worse and worse, deceiving and being deceived. † (NKJV) In this passage, Paul is explicitly explaining that there will be more and more false teachers, not more true preachers of the Gospel. Another verse that sheds light on the inconsistency of the postmillennialist view is that of Revelation 19:15b, â€Å"And He Himself will rule them with a rod of iron. †(NKJV) This is speaking of when Jesus comes back the second time to rule and that He has to do it with a rod of iron. If He has to rule with an â€Å"iron rod† how can it be considered that we could do it under our own power? Amillennialism The next interpretive view that we should examine is that of the amillennialist. As stated previously, this view began to influence the church under the teachings of Augustine, the bishop of Hippo, in the late fourth century. Augustine interpreted the statements in the book of Revelation allegorically or figuratively, much like the postmillennialists. Using the prefix a meaning â€Å"no† gives the idea that there is no millennium or 1000 years. Augustine believed that by looking at our spiritual blessings and riches that we have now, we now have as much millennium that we will ever know. In his views, Augustine did not stray too far from that of Origen in that the manifestation of the kingdom of God happens within the souls of man not the actual world. This symbolic interpretation of the Bible can become a â€Å"slippery slope. † Anthony Hoekema a proponent of amillennialism stated, â€Å"Literalism is the most stupid and dangerous scheme ever advocated. By not interpreting the Bible literally, some amillennialist believe that there is no future for Israel in that the church is now the believers and that there will be no literal tribulation and that the first of the two resurrections described in Revelation 20 is merely symbolic of the triumph of the Christian martyrs. In looking at our key verses, Revelation 20:1-6, as an amillennialist, in verse 1through 3 we see not a literal angel with the keys and chain but Jesus binding the Devil with His sacrificial work at Calvary. The problem with interpreting this passage symbolically is all the proof texts that we read in the New Testament where the Apostles warn the believers that the Devil is very active such as 1 Peter 5:8. In verse 5 where we are told the martyrs would live and reign with Jesus was the â€Å"first resurrection,† looking at it in an amillennialist viewpoint, this was just â€Å"new birth† that is experience by all Christians upon salvation. The question to ask is, â€Å"Who are the rest of the dead that did not live until after the 1000 years were finished? † Premillennialism The last major interpretive view of the 1000 years that we will consider is that of premillennialism. Premillennialist believe in the literal interpretation of Revelation 20:1-6 that there will be a 1000 year reign of Jesus Christ upon the earth after His second coming. Where the Amillennialists try to use different scriptures to disprove this passage, such as the cattle on a thousand hills (Psalms 50:10) where they ask couldn’t God own the cattle on a thousand and one hills? The Premillennialists see this passage as proof text of God fulfilling His promises to both Israel and the church. In consideration of the nation of Israel one passage, Psalms 22:27, 28: All the ends of the world Shall remember and turn to the Lord, And all the families of the nations Shall worship before You. 28 For the kingdom is the Lord’s, And He rules over the nations. Added to this and many other promises are the covenants made with Abraham that the nation of Israel would inhabit the land and the covenant with David that there would be a special ruler from David’s lineage, we can see that only the millennium will fulfill this promise. In concern of the church we see the promise of the reward to faithful believers being fulfilled in the millennium such as 2 Timothy 2:11, â€Å"This is a faithful saying: For if we died with Him, we shall also live with Him. If we endure, we shall also reign with Him. (NKJV) In a literal translation of the key scripture, the Premillennialist interprets it as a literal angel coming down and binding the Devil in the bottomless pit for a thousand years. This is to assure that Satan does not interfere with Jesus Christ’s kingdom for a thousand years. A corresponding Scripture to this interpretation is Isaiah 24:21, 22. Those who have survived the tribulation and not taken the mark of the Beast will then be ruled by Jesus Christ and those who are spoken of in verse 5 and 6, â€Å"Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection Over such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him a thousand years. (NKJV) Those that are part of the first resurrection are the Old Testament saints, the believers who died before the tribulation, those who are taken at the rapture of the church and those Saints who are martyred during the tribulation. They will be different than those who survived in that they will have a glorified body just as Christ did when He was resurrected. (Philippians 3:20, 21) Conclusion In looking at the three views considered in this paper, two of these, post-millennialism and amillennialism, have tried to say that since the 1,000 years is only specifically referenced in Revelation than it should not be taken literally. If this is true then should the seals, the two witnesses, the mark of the Beast, the twenty four Elders and other items that are described only in the book Revelation also be taken symbolically? When we consider some of the early Christians like Origen and Augustine and their beliefs, it would have been easy for any to speculate what the millennium actually was being that a thousand years had not transpired yet. However, now that we are in the second millennium their views require the discount of many key Scriptures that we have covered in this paper and many others not covered due to space. My prayer is that through revelation of the Holy Spirit those who consider a view that Jesus will not literally reign on earth for a thousand years will consult His Word and see that John revealed a literal kingdom on the literal earth with Jesus Christ literally sitting on the throne and the Saints literally ruling with Him for a literal thousand years.

Living With Aids †Creative Writing Essay

Living With Aids – Creative Writing Essay Free Online Research Papers Living With Aids Creative Writing Essay â€Å"Mom couldn’t stand to see me looking so sick and pathetic. She started to cry again, and hurried out of my room. She’d vowed she was never going to cry in front of me, because she figured if I knew how scared she was, I might give up.† (White, 48) Aids is a serious disease; it inevitably leads to death for the patient and to the most difficult struggle for the patient’s loved ones. There are many false ideas about aids which often makes life difficult for loved ones caring for an aids patient. In the early eighties when aids first became apparent aids was thought as a contagious â€Å"gay disease†. It took time and understanding for people to realize that it was not a â€Å"gay disease† and that innocent children and women were being infected as well. There is often a huge blanket of prejudice hanging above an aids patient which leads to making life even more unbearable for someone infected with aids. In Ryan White’s case he had to fight in court to be allowed back into school, only to be met with hate crimes when he was able to return. (White) Discrimination Many people still do not have accurate information about the aids virus, but during the eighties ignorance was at its height. AIDS patients often found it difficult to continue with their everyday activities because of the prejudice and misconception about the virus. When Ryan White was allowed to return to his public school he was forced to compromise with the school board to use disposable silverware and use separate bathrooms. (White) Bullets were shot at White’s windows, he was forced to resign from his paper route, and he was never free from insistent teasing from both peers and adults. (White) Everything that he touched was considered contaminated. The AIDS Virus â€Å"AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, is caused by a virus-the kind of bug that gives you the flu- which gets into your blood. Once it’s been there long enough, it knocks out your immune system, which is made up of particular types of cells in your blood that usually help you fight off illnesses and keep you well. Right now there is no vaccine or any other kind of medicine that rids your body of the AIDS virus and repairs your immune system. So once you have AIDS, you start coming down with all kinds of other diseases, and eventually you die from them. They knew you could get the virus from having sex with someone who had it, or by using a hypodermic needle that was contaminated with the virus. During sex your body absorbs your partner’s semen or vaginal discharge, which could carry the virus. A needle with contaminated blood on it is like a four-lane highway to AIDS, because you could inject the virus right into your own blood stream. A thi rd way the virus can get into your blood is from a transfusion of blood or blood products like Factor VIII that happened to come from someone with AIDS.† (White, 40) Some groups of people are more susceptible to being infected with the AIDS virus because of things that they do. The first group is gay men, who pass the virus along through sex. (White) Drug addicts who share needles can pass AIDS on as well. The third most common group is hemophiliacs and other people who need blood transfusions and injections of blood products. (White40-45) It is impossible to spread the AIDS virus to someone through casual contact. (White, 47) Living with Someone Infected With the AIDS Virus â€Å"If anything happens to Ryan,† she said, â€Å"I don’t want to go on without him. You and I should go out to the garage, close the doors, sit in the car, and let the motor run.† (White, 53) The combination of harassment from discriminating people, and knowing that someone you love will soon die, often leaves people caring for someone with the AIDS virus with the severe physiological trauma from dealing with it all at once. Medical expenses add up quickly for an AIDS patient’s family. The costly trips to and from the emergency room don’t come cheap, sometimes leaving families bankrupt. The time off from work that families must take doesn’t help with the financial situation. Siblings sometimes have to give up activities or stay with relatives for short periods of time off and on while parents take care of their sick AIDS child. A misconception about AIDS is that family members will also catch the virus, however that has never happened. â €Å"But you don’t have to worry,† Dr. Kleiman said. Nobody who lives with an AIDS patient has ever gotten the virus. You can’t catch it from casual contact with Ryan.† Research Papers on Living With Aids - Creative Writing EssayArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Genetic EngineeringCapital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Hockey GamePersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Example of Technology Scholarship Application Essay

Example of Technology Scholarship Application Essay Free Online Research Papers Example of Technology Scholarship Application Essay Today, the design of robotic functionality is heavily relied on human instructions. I am interested in building a more flexible robotics, which is able to adapt to various circumstances and to complete a task with AI. Applications as such will be like the Phoenix project in Mars exploration, collecting important data by putting a cost-effective lander onto the icy ground of the far northern Martian plains. This is my line of interest and my dream. I am happy to be in the Computer Science Engineering Department, which provides the required courses that I need on operation system, digital system, artificial intelligence, and software engineering to complete my quest. I am also very happy that I can apply for scholarships and become one of candidate awardees. Being awarded is a great encouragement to me. It reminds me that I am not along. There are lots of people want me to be succeed and want to help me accomplish my dream and my goal. It also reminds me I should keep my spirit and keep up my good work. In addition, it is a great honor to get awards. It shows me how much effort I have put on my study and how my much more effort I need to put on study. These profits can help me study enthusiastically and become a better student. Being a CSE student is also a great challenge. It is especially challenging for a first generation student. I have to face lots of difficulty. One is finance hardship. To get over it, I have to take on a part time job in a nursing home as a helper. On one hand, I gain lots of working experience. On the other hand, studying full time and working part time is sometimes some grueling experience. Getting scholarships will be a way to help me out. I can reduce the time that I work and become more focus on my study. Research Papers on Example of Technology Scholarship Application EssayOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfStandardized TestingThe Project Managment Office SystemRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Horizontal Bullying in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Horizontal Bullying in Nursing - Essay Example The essay "Horizontal Bullying in Nursing" represents various violent activities taking place in the nursing workplace, these include horizontal bullying, verbal and nonverbal attacks, violence that is horizontal and lateral in nature and anger. Such actions take place at different levels within the profession of nursing. These activities are experienced at the level of the nurse to nurse, physician, to nurse, nurse to physician and patient to nurse. Bullying can be verbal in nature; this takes place when the receiver of a message interprets the message to be harsh and aggressive in nature. Ample amount of research has been conducted in the field of nursing in the nation of Australia regarding the subject of violence and bullying, researchers in these nations denotes workplace aggression with the term bullying. The term bullying comprises of three elements, firstly an act is referred to as bullying in nature only when the person being treated feels that the act was bullying like and the act does not depend on the intention of the person who has conducted the act. Secondly, if an action needs to be referred to as bullying, it should negatively impact the victim. Lastly, an act is regarded as bullying when the same act is continuously carried out even knowing that the act is negatively affecting the victim. Bullying can arise at different levels such as the supervisor, the subordinates or coworkers can all indulge in the act of bullying. Therefore, horizontal bullying can be of both physical and vocal in nature.... Kind Horizontal bullying can be of both physical and vocal in nature and in the field of nursing, the prevalence of verbal bullying is more witnessed. Farrell states that verbal horizontal bullying consists of any kind of ill treatment that is verbal in nature and this kind of treatment makes the victim feels that he has been attacked either in personal or professional manner and the victim might experience humiliation (Vessey, 2010). This kind of treatment can take both overt and covert forms, researchers state that the highest percentage of communication that arises is nonverbal in nature and this causes ambiguity and may have much more impact on an individual than attacks that are overt in nature. Overt bullying and covert bullying can take several forms, over bullying may include criticizing, shouting and name calling for another individual and covert bullying may consist of ignorance, whining and sarcastic behavior against another subject (Hutchinson, 2010). Intention The intent ion that one nurse has for attacking another nurse by finding faults in them and their working and by complaining behind their back is to conduct an attack, ensure that a coworker is devalued and punished in the organization and to make him/her look bad in the eyes of others (Ferns, 2009). Several times the nurse who conducts the act of horizontal bullying is not conducting the act intentionally and the reason for conducting the act provided by them is because they feel that they are maintaining high standards of quality care by their actions. Nursing is a profession that is based upon the concept of caring and in such a profession, behaviors such

THE CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN GERD AND CHRONIC COUGH Essay

THE CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN GERD AND CHRONIC COUGH - Essay Example Fortunately, the many studies and publications on the relationship between GERD and chronic cough have helped pediatrics to treat and mange GERD-related chronic cough better. However, there are still debates on the causal links between GERD and chronic cough, prompting the writing of this state of the science paper, which seeks to explore the already researched and published findings on the subject. Objectives: To assess the GERD treatment on chronic cough in adults and children with prolonged cough and GERD that is not interrelated to an underlying respiratory illness (for example, nonspecific chronic cough). Literatures and study findings reviews will highlight the causal link between these conditions so that the management and treatment of infants, children, and adolescents with GERD and GERD-related chronic cough could be made more accessible and effective. In this state of the science paper, different types of literatures will be reviewed, among them books, magazines, electronic and print articles from public and institutional libraries. The paper will focus on the various issues on the topic on which medical experts agree and disagree, mentioning any gaps therein. Specifically, the causal link between GERD and chronic cough in pediatric patients will be explored. ... State of Science Paper Topical Outline I. Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic cough are examples of the many diseases that pediatricians encounter in their professional interaction with infants and children. GERD is a condition characterized by food (solid or liquid) already in the stomach being thrown back into the esophagus, causing irritation and the commonest and most obvious symptom of GERD, heartburn (Benich & Carek, 2011). Statistics show complications that result from GERD include asthma, Barrett's esophagus, and chronic cough or hoarseness. Research supports that chronic cough, though an indication of underlying disease is a major cause of health facility visits among infants and children. Among the causes of cough are sinus infections, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and esophageal reflux of stomach contents. Even with a recommendation and research support, the ever-changing definition of GERD, insufficient equipment, and lack of randomized controlled trials also make it rather difficult to establish the causal links between chronic cough and GERD (Fishwick & Barber, 2008). Consequent to these difficulties in ascertaining the causal and effect links between cough and GERD, opinions greatly vary between respiratory and gastroenterology stakeholders on the link between these conditions. Background Information: This will be used to establish the context and depth of the problem and will provide a foundation to explore a number of chronic cough prevention and management guidelines that have been designed with some having more positive effects on patients. Information will include the following: 1. Statistics of chronic cough in patients with gastroesophageal reflux 2. Supportive research and

Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools Essay Example for Free

Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools Essay Question 1 Summarise the main development of a child from the age range 0-2 years, 3-5 years and 5-8 years. Development 0-2 years When a baby is born they are helpless. Although from 0-2 years the development of a child is very rapid. A baby will go from not being able to hold up their own head to being able to talk, walk, run and climb the stairs all within this time frame. Through this time frame a baby will be able to support and lift their own head and kicking their legs. They will be able to focus on close objects such as their own fingers and hands. They will start to smile and recognise the face of their main care giver. The baby will be startled by sudden noises, such as banging doors. As they progress they will start to reach out for objects and toys that attract their attention and start to make noises. Their hand to hand and hand-eye coordination develops as they learn to pass objects from one had to another and reach out and grab things for themselves. When the child is older they will use this developed hand to hand and hand to eye coordination to start making marks on paper with crayons. As their muscles develop and get stronger they will start to sit up unaided and pull themselves up to a standing position. The child will start teething and begin to learn to crawl and eventually walk unaided. Their independence will grow as they start to want to feed themselves first  with finger food then using a spoon. They will start to say simple words such as mama/dada and start to recognise their own name, this will eventually develop into the child starting to string simple sentences together and saying other words and understanding them. As the balance improves a child will learn how to kick and throw a ball. 3-5 years In this stage of development a child will build on what he/she already knows, such as walking. This will be steadier and they will be able to walk backwards and climb up and downstairs confidently. The child will be able to draw more recognisable pictures, such as faces, rather than just scribbles. The vocabulary is a wider range as they learn how to say more words and can string together longer sentences. They will start to ask ‘why’ as they grow more curious about the world around them. As the vocabulary grows they will be more capable of describing how they are feeling (happy, sad or angry).They can learn and recite simple nursery rhymes from memory. As an adult you start to see a personality develop as they develop a sense of humour a sense of what they find funny or not so funny. They start to become sociable and enjoying playing with other children . 5-8 years With this stage of development again the child builds on what he/she already knows. Through this stage adult teeth start to grow. The child can start to do things more confidently, such as being able to use scissors to cut out shapes. With guidance a child will start to learn the consequences of their own actions and behaviour whether it is good or bad. Whilst playing games and sports with their peers they will start to become more competitive. The vocabulary has grown enormously to roughly 2000 words which they have learnt through learning to read or picked up from what other people, adults and peers, have said around them. The ability to concentrate on one thing at a time has also increased and they are less easily distracted. For 3-8 year olds physical development is not as fast paced as it is in the first 2 years of life. 3-8 year old development is more cognitive and emotional. Question 2 Analyse key social, economic and environmental factors which may influence development Allergies  Food allergies can be severe as well as fatal, as some allergies, such as nuts, can cause anaphylactic shock. This causes the airways to swell up and cut off the ability to breath. A food allergy that is often over looked is an allergy to E numbers, which is an allergy to artificial colouring and flavouring and sometime emulsifiers that are found in our food. This allergy can cause the child to become hyperactive, violent and in extreme cases physically sick. This can have an effect on a child’s development physically, emotionally and socially. The child may stop eating altogether if, in the extreme cases, they start to associate eating with being sick. This can lead them to stop growing as they are not digesting the nutrients that they need for growth and development. With the hyperactivity comes the inability to focus on any one thing for a set period of time, which will have an effect of what they learn and how well they learn it. Socially the child may be in able to make the friends that he wants as the other child may cautious of the child due to the hyperactivity and possibly the violence. Health Problems There are many health problems that can affect a child’s development. Eczema can cause distraction problems particularly if the child is badly affected by it. Eczema is a drying of the skin which leads it to becoming itchy. If the eczema is not effectively treated then it can lead to the skin being itched to the point where it is broken and bleeding and this in turn can lead to infection. Some cases of eczema are caused by food allergies, fabric powders/ softeners and in some cases we just don’t know why the skin flares up as it does. If the eczema is not treated the child can constantly be itching and uncomfortable and this is at the fore front of their mind rather than the activity at hand. If the child does end up with infected parts of the skin this can lead to poor attendance for school and missing out on the needed education. Environment/Poverty/Social factors such as love and affection The environment a child grows up in can have a detrimental effect on their soc ial skills and building relationships with others. If the child grows up on an environment where there are caring parents/siblings then a child will grow to learn and realise that this is how relationships with others should be, whether it is with a teacher or another child. If there is no love in a family then a child will grow up to think that it is not cared  for by anyone at all, this can follow them on into adult life and effect relationships there too. They may become withdrawn, sad and untrusting. Although a child may look ok on the outside inside is full of turmoil. They may come to believe that what has happened to them is there fault and come to regarding themselves as no good and not deserving of the love and kindness that their peers receive. They may also have little trust in the people around them for fear of being hurt by them as they have been before. Living within a large city may cause problems for a child’s development if there is a high level of unemployment and low income. Something as simple as not having access to public transport, whether it’s a bus, taxi or train, because you can’t afford the fares can affect the child being able to get into school on a regular basis and so miss out on the education that they deserve and need. There is another problem that comes with low income. If you have a low income you may only be able to buy what you can afford which may mean a child does not get a balanced diet. Usually with unemployment and low income comes poorer housing. This can lead to health problems in both child and adult alike. They can be affected by mould spores and living in drafty and cold conditions, this will lead to children who may be constantly ill and so in turn cannot attend school as much as they should. These illness may also have an effect on their physical development as the illnesses may affect the ability for the body to develop as it should. Children need constant stimulation whether it is for the mind or the body. Living in poorer areas may mean that areas to play and run around are lacking, whether it is a park or a garden, without proper stimulation a child’s development can be slower to progress that that of his peers. Loss or Bereavement A child may not process death in the same way that an adult or young person does. They may come to realise that a person is no longer a part of their lives. On the other end of the scale they may suffer anxiety that is focused on yourself as the parent. They may begin to believe that you yourself may not return to them when leaving them at either play group or school. They may become clingy and withdrawn compromising their ability to learn and maintain their friendships with their peers. They may also suffer anger and hostility towards people or may even think that the person who has died has  left them because they didn’t like the child anymore so the child may see it as being their own fault. This can lead to a child growing to be very lonely and not being able to build new or maintain any sort of relationship with anyone. Separation and Divorce A child’s social and emotional development can be affected by the separation or divorce of their parents. They can come to believe that the separation is their own fault. They can experience feelings of guilt, anxiety and sadness. They may as with bereavement become withdrawn and sorrowful or hostile and angry. This factor can also make it difficult for a child to maintain relationships or make new ones. Care givers need to be available for the child should they need them for emotional support. The child may also apportion blame on to someone else within their lives, whether it be the parent that has left the family home or and new partner that the remaining parent has found. During and after this time the child in question may find it difficult to develop new or maintain any social relationships, especially while they have several different emotions going on inside them. They may find it hard to process all these possibly new emotions and find it hard to concentrate on anythi ng else. Learning Difficulties Learning difficulties come in a vast range, anything from Downs Syndrome to Dyslexia. These learning difficulties can slow the learning development of the effected child. Dyslexia sufferers have particular difficulty with reading and writing Just because a child of 4yrs can write their name and read a few words doesn’t mean that a child of the same age with dyslexia can. When we learn to read we learn to sound out the letters that make up the word. Children also have lessons in school that focus on phonics which is to help them identify the sounds in words such as igh, oo, ai. These are called phonemes. A dyslexic child has difficulty in identifying and sounding out these phonemes and so makes the whole learning process slower. This can lead to the child becoming behind in there learning to that of their peers and will need extra help in place to help them not fall so far behind in their learning. Loss of limbs or the use of senses The loss of limbs or senses can be very traumatic both emotionally and  physically. Loss of limbs or senses can happen in a variety of ways such as a road traffic accident, a birth defect or severe infection. Losing a limb or senses can effect a child mentally, emotionally and physically. If the limb or sense is lost through accident a child may become angry and upset, withdrawn or even become depressed. They may feel a sense of hopelessness, worthlessness and have in appropriate guilt that the loss of limb or sense was their own fault somehow. The adjustment for a child losing a limb or senses will be an ongoing process. They may seem to be adjusting and taking everything in their stride but as the cognitive side of development grows then the child will start to understand more fully what has happened and may set them back in the adjustment process, as they begin to realise that the loss of a limb or the senses can an impact on their future lives.

Syd Barrett :: essays research papers

Born on January 6, 1946, Roger Keith Barrett was raised in CambridgeEngland. He was given the nickname "Syd" as a youngster, while attending the city's High School, where his friends included Roger Waters and David Gilmour, and it stuck with him as he grew up. In his late teens, after his father died, he started producing paintings and music. He was an originating member of The Abdabs, The T-Sets, Sigma 6, and other names such as The Meggadeaths, in 1965. He worked with people like Bob Close, Roger Waters, Nick mason, and Richard Wright. When Bob Close left the band, Syd renamed the group The Pink Floyd Sound, named after the cover of an album of two american bluesmen, Pink Anderson, and Floyd Council. Syd wrote almost everything for The Pink Floyd Sound, then The Pink Floyd finally renamed just Pink Floyd), he played guitar, sung, and wrote the music and the lyrics as well. The other Cambridge native forming The Pink Floyd were Roger Waters (bass), Rick Wright (keyboards), and Nick Mason (drums). Within weeks the new line-up had rehearsed at the Thompson Private Record Company, a tiny studio sited in the basement of a house in Hemel, Hampstead. Here they recorded two songs; an original hinged to the Gloria riff entitled Lucy Leave and a version of Slim Harpo's I'm a King Bee already made famous by the Rolling Stones. At first, The Pink Floyd were a much more conventional act that the act into which they would evolve, concentrating on the rock and R&B material that were so common to the repertoires of mid-'60s British bands. Syd's influences were the Stones, Beatles, Byrds and Love," the group's first manager, Pete Jenner, told Nick Kent, adding at Barrett wore out his copy of the last-named group's debut album. "I was trying to tell him about this Arthur Lee song I couldn't remember the title of, so I just hummed the main riff. Syd picked up his guitar, followed what I was humming, and went on to use the chord pattern he worked out for 'Interstellar Overdrive'. Pink Floyd then began to experiment, however, stretching out songs with wild instrumental freak-out passages incorporating feedback, electronic screeches, and unusual, eerie sounds created by loud amplification, reverb, and such tricks as sliding ball bearings up and down guitar strings. In 1966, they began to pick up a following in the London underground; onstage, they began to incorporate light shows to add to the psychedelic effect.

Pre-Transfusion Blood Tests

Pre-transfusion Blood Tests: Title: To perform the following tests: ABO and RH grouping using the Diamed Gel Card system. Rh and Kell phenotyping (antigen typing) using the Diamed Gel Card system. Direct Coombs Test (DCT) using the conventional tube system. Direct Coombs Test (DCT) using the Diamed Gel Card system. Antibody Identifications (IAT) technique using the conventional tube system. Antibody Identifications (ETC) technique using the Diamed Gel Card system. Name: S. Ward Date: 8/11/2012 Introduction: The objective of this practical is to perform some pretransfusion tests, using various methods.Pretransfusion testing is carried out in all hospital blood bank laboratories and is used to minimise the risk of encurring a haemolytic transfusion reaction. Haemolytic transfusion reactions occur when a patient is transfused with red cells which have a foriegn antigen on the cell surface that the patient has an antibody to. While the ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most antigeni c and thus can cause severe haemolytic transfusion reactions. The other blood group systems can also cause a (less severe) haemolytic reaction, these reactions can be fatal and so the procedures to avoid them are of great importance.Materials & Method: Not all tests were performed by all members of the class. ABO and Rh blood grouping using the Diamed Gel Card system; performed. Rh and Kell trying using the Diamed Gel Card system; not performed. Direct Coombs Test (DCT) using the Diamed Gel Card system;not performed. Antibody Identification (ETC) technique using the Diamed Gel Card system; performed but not centrifuged so no results were obtained. Antibody Identifications (IAT) technique using the conventional tube system; performed Direct Coombs Test (DCT) using the conventional tube system; erformed. Cell 1% suspensions were prepared for the bench from a 3% cell suspension provided. Results: As well as some tests not being completed by everyone, some results were not obtained as t here was a queue for the ID centrifuge. Results below are ones obtained by myself; ABO & Rh grouping; Known O+ cells were tested. Expected results would be; However, the gel matrix had dried out so no results were obtained. Antibody Identifications (IAT) technique using the conventional tube system; + + + – – + – – + +When these results are compared with the ID panned profile, its is seen that there is no antigen which matches the antibody in the patient's plasma. Traditional Direct Coombs test results was positive. Discussion: The results from this practical were not as expected. With regard to the ABO Rh typing, the expected result for the O+ blood tested is as shown above. The reason why the results obtained were incorrect were because the gel had dried out. This shows that it is very important to ensure that the reagents used in the transfusion laboratory are of a really high quality to ensure that all results obtained are reliable.With regard to the traditional antibody profile, it is seen that there is no antigen which matches the antibody in the patient's plasma according to the ID panel. It is possible that the patient has an uncommon antigen which isn't on the ID panel. However, it's more likely that there was human error in labelling the reaction tubes 1-10. The direct coombs test checks to see in vivo sensitisation to IgG antibodies. The traditional coombs test results for this practical showed aggultenation when treated with antihuman globulin, which is a positive result.Results for the other laboratory tests using Diamed Gel Card system were unobtained due to there being a queue for the centrifuge. A brief explanation of all these tests is explained below; ABO & Rh D grouping; this can be done by conventional tube technique, as performed previously, or can be done using the Diamed Gel Card system. These gel cards contain known antobodies on a gel matrix. A positive result shows the red cells kept at the top of the gel m atrix, a negative result sees the red cells going down through the matrix to the bottom of the card.This has replaced the traditional method as it allows for automation. Rh & Kell phenotyping; this is done using the Diamed Gel Card sytem and is similiar to the ABO and Rh typing method. This shows which, if any of the main Rh or Kell antigens are on the patients red cells. The results are read in the same manner as the ABO and Rh D as described above. Direct Coombs Test using the conventional tube system; The direct antiglobulin test is used to detect in-vivo sensitisation and detects small IgG antibodies on a patient's red cells.The conventional tube method involves washing the cells three times for one minute, resuspending each time, then finally adding two drops of antihuman globulin and centrifuge once more for 20 seconds and results were recorded. This process is laborious and so can be replaced with the next method. Direct Coombs Test using the Diamed Gel Card system; The gel c ard system involves the addition of 1% cell suspension of test cells to the Anti IgG card, this is centrifuged for 10 minutes and results are recorded. This method also shows in-vivo sensitisation and detects small IgG antibodies on the patient's red cells.Antibody Identifications (IAT) technique using the conventional tube system; Antibody identification is used as a follow-up test to a positive indirect antiglobulin test. The antibody identifcation test is used to determine the red cell antibodies in the patient's plasma. If one or more clinically significant red cell antibodies are identified, then donor blood that lacks the corresponding red cell antigens must be used for tranfusion, this is reffered to as antigen negative blood. The conventional tube system involves reacting the patients plasma with the 10 commercial identification cells.This is incubated for 30 minutes at 37Â °c, each of the reaction tubes are washed 3 times for one minute, resuspended after each time and the n two drops of antihuman globulin are added and the tubes are centrifuged for an additional 20 seconds and results are recorded. This process is laborious, and so can be replaced by the gel card system which can be automated. Antibody Identifications technique using the Diamed Gel Card system; The method is the similiar to the other gel card systems and the principle it the same as the other antibody identification.As mentioned bofore, this process allows for automation and so is favoured in large labs. Questions: Principle of the Direct and Indirect Coombs test: The principle of the Coombs' test is that addition of rabbit anti-human IgG to the patient's blood will result in aggregation of the patient's red cells if the red cells are coated in small IgG antibodies that will not agglutenate normally at room temperature. So, the direct antiglobulin test is used to detect in-vivo sensitisation to IgG antibodies. Applications:The direct coombs test is udes to test for autoimmune haemoly tic anaemia. The indirect coombs test can be used to detect very small amounts of antibodies present in a patients plasma and if used in antenatal care to screen pregnant women for antibodies that may cause haemolytic disease of the newborn. It can also be used for compatability testing, antibody identification, RBC phenotyping and titration studies. Controls: The positive control is sensitised O+ cells and the negative control is O- cells.

Walt Disney World versus Disney Land

It is every child’s dream to explore a grand and mysterious castle, to experience flying with the fairy tale characters we knew when we were younger, and to witness fireworks display even if it’s not Christmas or New Year. It is a child’s dream to live his/her life in a world where carpets can fly and life’s worries would be about rescuing a princess from the fierce dragon or from her evil stepmother. A stressed adult can be a carefree child again if he/she enters the wonderful and enchanting worlds of Mr.Walt Disney: his very own Disney Land in California and Disney World in Florida. Mr. Walt Disney has been a kid himself all his life as we see his works through these two delightful and captivating amusement parks. He wanted to create a family park where the adults can bring their kids and enjoy their time together. He wanted a family park where every individual would go for regardless their age. A day of wandering around to explore these parks wholly is impossible (Bennett). Disneyland is built on a 300 acre lot in Anaheim, California.It has five major theme parks: Main Street, U. S. A. , Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, and Tomorrowland. As regards lodging, the surround areas of Disneyland quickly became urbanized. Subdivisions were built and hotels were everywhere. The Disney Hotel was, as a matter of fact, not owned by the Disney Company not until the 1990s. Means of transportation as one wanders around are by bus, by train, by privately owned vehicles, or on foot (J&M). On the other hand, Disney World is constructed on a 30,000 acre area in Orlando, Florida.Like Disneyland, it also has the five theme parks mentioned earlier but with more themes and bigger of almost everything – streets, Main Street buildings, and castle to name a few. And as posted by J&M at Helpful Disney World Articles, the added themes include EPCOT, Disney’s MGM Studios, Disney’s Animal Kingdom, Typhoon Lagoon, and Blizzard Bea ch. The last two themes mentioned are actually water park themes. Please take note that the audience can see live animals with their make-up natural inhabitant in the Disney’s Animal Kingdom.However, it must be noted that it is not a zoo. One advantage of Disney World is the hotel availability within the confines of the said park which are said to be themed too (Perkis). Moving from one park to another would not be a problem because the monorail of Disney World can actually take you anywhere at any time. It is more convenient for those who do not have private vehicles. Coming to Disney World by ferry ride is also available (Huffman). Here are some things that I have concluded from these comparisons.First, these two Disney theme parks are created differently from each other. Disney World shouldn’t be exactly like Disneyland because no sisters are alike. Furthermore, comparison of the two would somehow be inappropriate. Mr. Walt Disney contributed in the construction of Disneyland while he was still alive. Disney World is also Mr. Walt Disney’s dream. Unfortunately, he died even before its construction in 1964, so his brother, Roy Disney, delayed his retirement and worked on Mr. Walt’s Disney World.In other words, there is a personal touch to Anaheim’s Disneyland. Second, the space of the two is incomparable. Of course, one could do bigger and remarkable structures of almost everything because of the land area. Nevertheless we should remember that not because it’s bigger, it’s better. Anaheim’s Disneyland and Florida’s Disney World have their own ups and downs. If one has very limited time, Disneyland would be the place to be. If time is not a constrain, visiting the bigger park first would do no harm.

Scutellosaurus - Facts and Figures

Scutellosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Scutellosaurus (Greek for little shield lizard); pronounced SKOO-tell-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of southern North America Historical Period: Early Jurassic (200-195 million years ago) Size and Weight: About four feet long and 25 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; long tail; bony studs on back About Scutellosaurus One of the persistent themes of evolution is that large, imposing creatures descend from small, mouselike progenitors. Although no one would think of comparing Scutellosaurus to a mouse (it weighed about 25 pounds, for instance, and was covered with bony spikes), this dinosaur was certainly rodent-sized compared to its multi-ton armored descendants of the late Cretaceous period, such as Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus. Although its hind limbs were longer than its forelimbs, paleontologists believe Scutellosaurus was ambidextrous, posture-wise: it probably stayed on all fours while eating, but was capable of breaking into a two-legged gait when escaping predators. Like other early dinosaurs, Scutellosaurus was anatomically very similar to the prosauropods and small theropods that roamed the earth during the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods.

A Freelance Writers Basic Guide to SEO

A Freelance Writers Basic Guide to SEO A Freelance Writers Basic Guide to SEO A Freelance Writers Basic Guide to SEO By Colin Hands up all those freelance writers who, when scanning the job boards recently, have seen writing gigs looking for copywriters with SEO experience? (should be everyone). Keep your hands up if you don’t understand what SEO is, or if you do, were confused the first time you saw it used? (should still be everyone). And now keep your hands up all those freelancers who have since realised how easy it is to make money writing SEO articles, or who would like to know what it’s all about? (Everyone should still have their hands up). Yes it’s true, SEO seems like one of those fancy modern phrases, that only applies to tech-minded people, but the reality is very different. SEO has been around for a while; it’s only since the Google revolution has it been defined as an entity. Get your head around SEO, and it can be the source of many lucrative writing jobs. This article will give you the low down on SEO, what it is, and how you can earn from it. What is SEO? SEO is an acronym for Search Engine Optimisation. It is the term to describe the methodology used to boost a website’s rating when it is searched for on an Internet search engine, and the resulting page rank it receives in relation to other related websites. This is achieved through the use of web content and articles enriched with keywords, and meta tags in the structure of the webpage. Why is it Relevant? SEO is relevant in the world of e-commerce and online business, and for those involved in the creation of web sites and web content. Because most Internet users don’t browse past the first page of search results they are offered, the higher a website can rank for a given keyword or phrase, the better its chances are of bringing in new customers. Research has shown most users only ever click on the top 5 to 10 results. Yahoo, MSN, and in particular Google, account for over 70% of all search engine traffic on the Internet, so for an online business this avenue of attracting customers is highly valued. What is a Page Rank? Page rank is a way of determining a websites importance dependent on its desirability and exposure. The term was derived by Google, who developed an algorithm to calculate rankings. When this algorithm is executed, it determines the number of links pointing to a website, the amount of relevant content it contains, and then assigns it a number between 1 and 10; 1 being the lowest level of rank, 10 being the highest. The higher a page rank, the better chance a website has of appearing at the top of an Internet search result page. What is a Keyword? A keyword is a word or phrase an Internet user will enter into a search engine when trying to locate something, i.e., a product or information. For example, a website selling herbal tea will list keywords such as, â€Å"herbal,† â€Å"tea,† and â€Å"tea bags,† etc. What is Keyword Density? Keyword density is the numerical factor derived from dividing the number of words on the page of a website, by the number of keywords that are used within it. The more keywords used throughout a web page (and ultimately the entire site), the better the website will rank for that keyword or phrase. Websites that have too high a density tend be considered as spam by search engines, and may be excluded. Cant Website Owners Pay For A Higher Ranking? It’s not possible to purchase search list rankings, because they are free and calculated through algorithms. Instead, a website must earn its rating over time, and through the use of Internet links and keyword relevance. It is possible to pay for promotion based on specific keywords or phrases, however these are separate to the free results offered when running a standard search, and usually appear as sponsored adverts. What Has All This To Do With Freelance Writing? For freelance writers, this means the appearance of more and more writing gigs looking for writers who are able to write dedicated SEO-rich web copy, related articles, and blogs. All these methods are aimed at attracting hits and links to a website, thus boosting its rankings, and pushing it up the search ladder. There are two main methods you might be hired to do this. The first is through the writing of web content for the target site. The aim of this is to attract interested users directly into a website via a landing page. For example, a user will search for the term â€Å"herbal tea,† and find their way onto a website that sells it. They will then be able to read all about it and order their favourite brand before they leave. The second method is through the writing of articles and blogs that are external to the website, but show up in search engine results and guide users towards the main website at the centre of the business. So for example, somebody might search for â€Å"Lemon tea† and discover an article written by a freelance writer on the physical benefits herbal tea promotes. The article will contain a by-line or other links throughout it, that direct the reader to the main website so they can purchase lemon tea. Where there are websites looking for business there will always be a need for writers. Fresh and attractive articles that are written using SEO techniques, and are enriched using keywords in a subtle and sensitive approach, are becoming more in demand. Master SEO writing, and you will never be short of work. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingDeck the HallsThrew and Through

Discussion Board 2-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion Board 2-1 - Essay Example Ethically, researches involving human beings as samples must obtain informed consent of the participants to be subject to tests and measures (Bordens & Abbott, 2014). Researchers must only proceed with studies after obtaining the consent. To deal with the dilemma relating to difficulty of obtaining informed consent, a researcher can contact and persuade close relatives such as parents or guardians of the subject to give and sign consent. Another ethical dilemma that researchers may face when working with clinical population is the aspect of deception. According to Bordens and Abbott (2014), deception refers to giving false information to the participants in a research. Deception may also entail withholding of critical information from the participants so that they may make competent decisions. Some clinical research may force researchers to withhold certain information to perform research in a manner that addresses predefined goals. To tackle the issues of deception, a researcher should eliminate questions or elements that are controversial and likely to necessitate withholding of information or lying to achieve the desired

Taoism Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Taoism Religion - Essay Example It does not matter whatever religion exists as long as the person becomes a good being to himself and to others. Basically, religions do not only teach morals but also focus on way of life. Rituals are being conducted to help the faithful improve themselves fully as a religious leader assists the religious members in their struggle to be good. The main focus of the paper is the religion Taoism. Taoism came from China as the country had a long history of formation. Taoism became an important part of the history of China though the origin of Taoism is hard to distinguish as it came from complicated roots and Chinese religions mixed as interactions happened. Other religions in China are Confucianism, Buddhism and popular religion. These religions flourished and interact with one another and cultural and traditional mixtures occur resulting to the Chinese religion. Taoism in particular cannot be distinguished easily as it encompasses almost everything about life. Its existence can be com pared to water that composes all bodies of water and even clouds and rain. The discovery of the ultimate purpose is not the same for everybody as pathways are different in that religion as the prominent quality is compared to water that never flows in the same way again. ... Taoism can also be analyzed based on its etymology. The religion comes from the word tao which means road or path as the same term was also used by non-Taoist people. Tao became prominent in Chinese philosophy as their beliefs tend to shape a method or technique and norms of conduct. The term tao first appeared as a philosophical word in the book Analects of the Confucians. They consider tao as the method of behavior for both individual and nation as they pertain to the term as a principle. For the Taoists, the term is not just a principle, it is substance in actuality. Chuang Tzu gave an explanation on the tao and belief of Taoists. According to him, tao is not a substance or a thing only but tao is the sum total of all existence including wastes as a questioner clarified his claim. The main concern of Taoism is the balance of forces which is constant and inseparable that the human mind cannot comprehend its existence. The belief states that humans are indivisible and parts of the o neness as the age of humanity is the same as the age of the sky and earth. As tao is considered as both method and entity, the question arose regarding the purpose of the method. The positive action has no basis in tao. In terms of morals, tao advocates relativity as right and wrong can pertain to the same object depending on the point-of-view. The advice for Taoist practitioners tends to be selfless and let the natural course maneuver the lives of the faithful. They follow the rhythms of nature and environment. Such characteristic of Taoism is called contemplative Taoism which is complemented by the so-called purposive Taoism. As the contemplative Taoism allows calmness for the practitioner, the purposive

Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Term Paper Example During the nation’s early years, this electoral process was effective under a Federalist government, however the need to revise the electoral process with regards to the instatement of the members of the Senate was borne out of the need to further expand democracy, eliminate corruption tied to the election of Senators, and to remove external control over the creation of state legislatures (Neale 3). Also, relying mostly on the votes of the state legislatures caused election deadlocks which prevented the appointment of Senators and subsequently, unfilled senate vacancies for considerable periods at a time (4). This created additional problems with regards to the creation of new laws since the Senate members have longer terms of service than the members of the House of Representatives. Thus, after 124 years of relying on state legislatives on electing Senate members or waiting for the governors to appointment a replacement should a senator leave office, the Seventeenth Amendment was finally ratified on April 8, 1913 which allowed the election of Senators through popular voting (6). ... James Madison is one of the strong proponents on the upkeep of the constitution as well as in preventing most of its amendments, especially since he believes that there is great difficulty in the process of men governing over other men (70). There must be an overall control to all members of the government in order to prevent the human inclination of following actions or decisions that came about due to vested interests, as well as to prevent the over-reliance on religion and virtue which are both subjective in nature. Also, Madison believes that a continuous process of amending the constitution would not only create problems such as the inability of most people to follow laws and regulations properly due to the inaccuracies that can be encountered after several changes were made in the original laws, thus rendering the laws much more ineffective (71). In addition, it is expected that the constitution was already a functional one since it was created by a wide variety of people, in s uch a way that there is a less probability that a majority of the people would be making motives that undermine the rights of the common people (73). Thus, if the constitution was made out of the various ideas and input by different individuals, it essentially governs all members of the nation, using the principles of justice and of the common good as applicable to all walks of life. In addition to the need to retain the constitution as close to the original as possible, the Founding Fathers aimed to prevent the rise of aristocracy through the ruling of only a few people and the establishment of true democracy by allowing more people to participate in the process of governance. This may

Engineer is Essay Example for Free

Engineer is Essay Engineer is A person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures and a qualified person in a branch of engineering, especially as a professional engineer. Engineers figure out new ways to design, create, or improve almost everything around you. It might sound complicated, but you have most likely acted as an engineer before without even knowing it! If you like math and science, solving problems, thinking creatively or are curious about the world around you and how things work, you are already on your way to becoming an engineer and they are able to solve problems and focus on making things work more efficiently and effectively. Engineers apply the theories and principles of science and mathematics to research and develop economical solutions to technical problems. Their work is the link between perceived social needs and commercial applications. Engineers design products, machinery to build those products, plants in which those products are made, and the systems that ensure the quality of the products and the efficiency of the workforce and manufacturing process. Engineers design, plan, and supervise the construction of buildings, highways, and transit systems. They develop and implement improved ways to extract, process, and use raw materials, such as petroleum and natural gas. They develop new materials that both improve the performance of products and take advantage of advances in technology. They harness the power of the sun, the Earth, atoms, and electricity for use in supplying the Nations power needs, and create millions of products using power. They analyze the impact of the products they develop or the systems they design on the environment and on people using them. Engineering knowledge is applied to improving many things, including the quality of healthcare, the safety of food products, and the operation of financ ial systems. The engineer adapts the findings to Human being usage. He is the central connection between science culture In order to make a modern Engineer there are many main points to be approached in order to reach that, just like the dynamic fast changing world demands a more complex role for an engineer. Also, technical skills must be good in non-technical skills like Communication Problem solving Management To be mastered in Engineering there are the Main Skills as: Logical thinking Problem-solving skills Communication skills Design skills Organizational, management and administrative skills References 1. William E. Wickenden, A Professional Guide for Young Engineers, G. R. Henninger (Ed. ), Engineers’ Council for Professional Development, New York, 1967 2. T. K. G. Namboodhiri, Engineering Education in India, J. Inst. Engg. (India), Vol. 66, IDP, 3, 1985 3. Duyen Q. Nguen, The essential Skills and Attributes of an Engineer, Global J. of Engg. Educ. Vol. 2, No. 1, 1998

Emma Bovary - searching for oranges on apple trees? :: essays research papers

To state that Emma Bovary, the heroine of Flaubert’s epic Madame Bovary, looks for oranges on apple trees and refuses to eat apples is a gross over-simplification. Emma would be no happier with oranges than she would be with apples. In fact, if her taste in fruit is anything like her taste in men, she would probably insist on a fruit with all of her desired qualities - perhaps a cross between the consistency of an apple, the fibre of an orange, the vitamins of a blackcurrant and the taste of a strawberry. In saying this, however, the statement is entirely accurate in that Emma is searching for the wrong things in the wrong places and is bitterly disappointed in not finding them as she desires. To analyse Emma Bovary is a difficult assignment, due to the very complex and often contradictory nature of her character, and the many opposing critical theories that have been written since her ‘death’ over 150 years ago. Flaubert’s determination to â€Å"remain outside of his book and to assume the role of a manipulator of marionettes† adds to this sense of mystery surrounding Emma Bovary, who is essentially a confused young woman, trapped in a stifling society who tries so desperately to be something she is not. She is a woman so fixated on creating the life she dreams of that she eventually self-destructs, a broken and dejected victim. Before discussing in detail the various elements of her personality, it is necessary to highlight the social position she is involuntarily placed in. This will in turn give rise to, and in many cases explanation for, the way in which she responds to various events in her life, and therein revealing her true colours. Emma is born a woman in France during the early 19th Century, and as such is doomed from the start to be a victim of the misogynistic bourgeoisie. As was the case for all women at the time, Emma was completely reliant on Charles to provide the quality of life she desired – and indeed her very identity – as she was not in a position that she could exercise such control herself. In marrying Charles, she ceased to exist as Mademoiselle Emma Rouault, and simply became Madame Charles Bovary, the doctor’s wife. Emma realised that she had blown her only chance to pursue the life she felt she deserved. â€Å"Pourquoi, mon Dieu! me suis-je marià ©e?

Juvenile Probation Essay

Juveniles that are and have been in the court systems are beginning to enumerate. The numbers of theses juveniles are rising, and there are prime key factors that lead to this continuing problem. In the present paper the Probation Officer may be a key factor to the roles that the Probation Officer plays in their life. It is known that Probation Officers have a lot going on with their professional lives and the numbers of Juvenile Delinquents keep rising. The following literature reviews will give some key examples to why the rise of juveniles in the court systems, and why probation officers may have a key part in the factor. In an article by the Houston Chronicle that there needs to be more common sense when it comes to the juvenile justice. â€Å"The Harris County, TX courts made a 37 page report on the problems that they have in the halls. Such problems included the separation of juveniles according to disabilities to serve them better (Rogers, 2010). Another key factor in the rep ort that was stated is how the role models were dressed. There was another problem, the rule book was only in English, and therefore they are updating the rule book to also contain the Spanish version, according to Rogers, 2010. â€Å"The development of a uniform, objective approach to detention decision-making should be a high priority,† as said by Rogers, this is referring to the upgrades to Harris County Juvenile system. The standards that have been in place often sent some kids to the detention center if they missed a week of school, while others who should have been sent to the hall were sent home because there was no room to house the juvenile. Los Angeles County recently have been convicted of crimes or disciplined in the recent years according to Fiske & Winton, 2010. LA County has a high rate of youth incarceration. â€Å"Los Angeles County probation officers are responsible for protecting 3,000  youths in 21 halls and camps, one of the nation’s largest juvenile justice systems†, (Fiske & Winton, 2010). The population in the juvenile halls is down thirty-two percent compared ot 2006. This is due to changing the booking criteria on juvenles. â€Å"As for kids who were lower ri sk or did not present problems to the community, we looked for alternatives other than incarceration such as community supervision by a probation officer, home supervision, and electronic monitoring,† (Vilacorte, C., 2011). There was aOne incident had included a Probation Officer having sex with three of the youth where she had worked. In another incident, a Probation Officer directed five other girls to beat up another for taking a cell phone. This particular department has been under federal investigation due to failing to prevent report and document child abuse (Fiske& Winton, 2010). There has been a ten step plan that is newly being implemented for the sake of the probation officers duties and the youth of the county. Alameda County Probation Department lists some definite problems in the juvenile probation department. It lists the alternative detention programs that will focus more on the particular juveniles that are in need and help them, versus sitting in a cell and conjuring up ideas what they can find to do. When the juveniles do this, more ideas are negative, as they have lived their lives this way, so the ideas are troublesome. In this environment they are kept busy, and the probation officer has a minimal surveillance of the client. According to Alameda County website, some of the programs are weekend trips and some are an inpatient treatment, which will decrease the time the probation officer is with this certain individual, and could give more time to another child. A few of the different camps are the weekend trainings, in which there are three different ways to be sent here. In one way, the probation officer can send the juvenile there for informal weekend training. There is also two other weekend trainings that are ordered by the courts to complete. The main Juvenile hall is capable of being home to 299 juveniles. This is a secured detention center that teaches the juveniles the education they need, and since the population is so high, there is a risk assessment that is completed upon coming to the hall, and it needs to make sure this is the right place for the juvenile, and they are receiving the rig ht resources for them to grow on. There is a camp that is call Camp Wilmont Sweeney, in which the camp is unlocked, and is designed to have the juveniles sent back  into the community to be productive and use what they have learned in the camp to learn from their mistakes and not to repeat them. In a document devised by Shay Bilchik, 1996, a survey was sent to Probation Officers throughout the United States. It was sent out to find out the problems of the Juvenile systems, and address the needs of the juveniles in the country. Many of the problems addressed were pertaining to job in whole. Problems stated were not enough staff, there were limited resources for the Probation Officers, and they had too many cases for the work that they do. From comparison of cases throughout the United States, New York is understaffed compared to Chicago, and even though there is an age difference in the jurisdictions between the states, the older juveniles also portrays a need for more probation officers. â€Å"Probation may be used as front ends of the line for first time offenders are juveniles that are low risk offenders. They an also be used as a back end, when someone is in confinement for a more serious offender (Bilchik, 1996). The duties vary in the probation are from state to state, but for the most part, there are key function that are there to complete, such as the intake screening of the juvenile, presentence of investigation of juveniles and court ordered supervision f the juvenile offenders, Bilchik, 1996). Another role in the part of juvenile probation officers is that they cannot have a cap on how many cases they have such as other places my stop taking people after so many have come through the door. There are many cases the safety is at stake when the probation officer has to meet with the juveniles. The on the job safety has risen to levels of showing that this profession is getting dangerous. As reported through the survey, almost one-third of the probation officers had been assaulted sometime during their career. In the Los Angeles County, there have been some legal groups that have gathered and imposed a lawsuit against the county for not providing education to the juveniles in the county with the largest facility. The education is needed for juveniles to have when they are released from the detention centers, and get into the community for jobs and higher education. The lawsuit claimed that there has been more worksheets given to the delinquents and not enough classroom time given and there was no help given to those who would ask. â€Å"The lawsuit is the result of a months-long investigation by the legal groups and details one recent instance of a young man, incarcerated in county probation camps for most of  his high school years, who was awarded a high school diploma despite being unable to read or write†, (ACLU, 2010). The Challenger center which is one of the detention centers located in Los Angeles County, CA, has about 50 students. I thas been the target of an ongoing investigation for maltreatment and poor supervision of the students attending the place. According to Tony Cook, 2008, Juvenile probation officers are the Jekylls and Hydes of the legal community, hybrids of cop and social worker, enforcer and buddy†. The newspaper article looked at a former colleiate boxing champ, Kevin Eppenger took on a juvenle probation position. The courts and jusdges as well as county officials are concerned over the rise in the juvenile courts in Clark COunty. He stated that â€Å"Eight to 10 years ago you could actually be a role model to them, get a burger.† And now, he holds more than 70 juvenile cases, and the casses are thicker than the ones he used tohave. â€Å"The number of juveniles probation officers supervise has swelled from an average of 39 per officer in 2003 to 56 in 2007†(Cook, 2008). And today many of the probation officers have more than seventy cases each. There used to be a time when the juvenile that didn’t show up for a meeting was searched for at the arcade or other places. Kevin Eppenger has no time to do that as he is in court, with the juveniles or admitting new juvenile to the probation department. He says it is very hard to build a relationship with the juven iles doing business this way. Jeff Jones is another probation officer that works in Clark County as a probation officer. He says that his case load is near eighty, and he has actually lost count. â€Å"I stopped counting,† Jeff Jones said. â€Å"If you worry about the numbers, you become ineffective.† There used to be personal meeting with the probation officer and the juvenile, now they have to meet with three or four of the kids at one time. They said they don’t get too personal during the meetings, like they would on a one- to – one. And to see the juveniles outside of the office is a rareity now for the two probation officers. To have two hours with a juvenile each month is saying a lot, and they have only hired two additional probation officers since 2003. â€Å"In Washoe County, probation officers average about 50 cases. Officers in Arizona’s two most urban counties — Pima County, which includes Tucson, and Maricopa County, which includes Phoenix — carry 30 and 34 cases, respectively. And in Utah, Salt Lake County probation officers average about 25 cases†, (Cook, 2008). This  is getting tough for theprobation officers, as most of the juvenles are repeating offenses while on probaton. This also has an impact on the county, as the department asks for funds to hire some more probation officers, but it is up to the budget whether or not they are able to hire the ones they want. The term â€Å"kids these days† has changed its perspective of what it used to be. Ten years ago, kids were more afraid to carry a gun and get caught, whereas now they are carrying knives and guns and are having no fear in using them. The kids have no sense of consequences, and the family value that used to be, has gone down. This also makes the jobs of the people working with the kids more of a challenge, as they try to stay a step ahead and teach the kids. Conclusion: The numbers of juveniles that are standing in court rooms, and spending time in detention centers, are rising. It is the profession of the probation officer to struggle to deal with the troubled youth. There are many issues that are going on with the youth, but there are also issues that are happening with the probation officer and the career they are in. Throughout the United States there are issues that are happening in the detention Halls, and through the Probation Departments. The juveniles are the ones that are losing out, although it is the choice of the juvenile to cause the trouble that they are in. This is what is called a double edged sword, where it could possibly be both the probation and juveniles, why there are problems happening in the system. Recommendations: In the research project, it is imperative to think that alone the probation officer can do such things as hiring more staff to assist with all the more juveniles that are entering and remaining in the system. Although in the light it would be wise to stay proactive with the youth, and find what is driving the youth to be like they are, and end up in the courts. In sightfulness, it is plain to see that society play a bill toll on the juveniles lives. It is also the media that will show the curiousity of kids, they will try what they see, or they just think they are invincible to  whatever approaches them. In some other kids it is the environment that they get involved in,, such as parents going through a divorce, what could be happening at home, and also some friends that the child may have. Whatever the case for the rising amounts of misappropriation in the probation department, it could also have something to do with the economy of the child for the hard job of the PO’s. †¢ Juvenile Delinquency: The Core, 3e, Larry J. Siegel, Brandon C. Welsh –  © Cengage Learning †¢ This book had certain things to say in reference to the topic. Chapter 14 of this book is about the probation of juveniles, and the system †¢ Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, †¢ This book had certain things to say in reference to the topic. The website is related to Juveniles and Probation †¢ Juvenile Transfers to Criminal Courts †¢ This book had certain things to say in reference to the topic. It gives scenarios of Juveniles whose lives have been spent in delinquency. †¢ Alameda County Probation Department I chose this article, as it lists some problems in the juvenile probation department. I am gathering information that is clearly relevant between the information that I am gathering. †¢ Records reveal problems in LA county juvenile probation office This newspaper article lists some of the mishaps that were found in the Los Angeles juvenile probation office. This information could be pertinent as this is what I am doing my final report on. †¢ Houston chronicle reports that there needs to be more common sense when it comes to the juvenile justice. The Harris county courts made a 37  page report on the problems that they have in the halls. Such problems include the separation of juveniles according to disabilities to serve them better. Another is how the role models are dressed. References Alameda County Probation Department http://www.acgov.org/probation/ji.htm American Civil Liberties Union. (2010). Landmark Federal Class-Action Lawsuit Charges Los Angeles County with Failure to Educate Youth in Probation Camps http://www.aclu.org/racial-justice/landmark-federal-class-action-lawsuit-charges-los-angeles-county-failure-educate-yout Cook, T. (2008, April 28). Rising Cases Keep Probation Officers from Involvement in Children’s Lives. Las Vegas Sun. http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2008/apr/27/rising-caseloads-keep-probation-officers-involveme/ Hennessy-Finke, M. & Winton, R. (2010, February 21). Records reveal problems in L.A. County juvenile probation office. LAtimes.com http://www.goldsteinlawgroup.com/documents/ProblemsInLACountyJuvenileProbationOffice.pdf Juvenile Delinquency: The Core, 3e, Larry J. Siegel, Brandon C.Welsh –  © Cengage Learning Juvenile Transfers to Criminal Courts in the 1990’s, Wilson, 2000. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/181301.pdf Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/probation/index.html Rogers, B. (2010, January 27). Study: Common sense needed at juvenile hall. Houston Chronicle http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/6838975.html